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Příprava modelů pro 3D tisk

BIM modelování

Manual start

Pokud váš model nelze vytisknout nebo vyfrézovat přímo na stroji, například proto, že je příliš velký (budova) nebo vyžaduje ruční sestavení po vyrobení jednotlivých dílů, obvykle budete muset vysvětlit jiné osobě, jak to udělat. V technických oborech (strojírenství, architektura atd.) se k tomu obvykle používají výkresy. Výkresy se předají osobě odpovědné za sestavení konečného produktu a vysvětlí se jí, jak to udělat.

Typical examples are Ikea instructions, architectural drawings, and blueprints. These drawings usually contain not only the drawing itself, but also many annotations, such as text, dimensions, numbers, and symbols that will help other people to understand what needs to be done and how.

In FreeCAD, the workbench responsible for making such drawings is the TechDraw Workbench.

The TechDraw Workbench allows you to create sheets, which can be blank or use a pre-made template to already have a series of items on the sheet, such as borders and a title. On these sheets, you can then place views of the 3D objects you modeled previously, and configure how these views will appear on the sheet. You can also place all kinds of annotations on the sheet, such as dimensions, texts, and other symbols commonly used in technical drawings.

Drawing sheets, once complete, can be printed or exported as SVG, PDF or DXF files.

In the following exercise, we will see how to create a simple drawing of a chair model found in the FreeCAD library (Industrial Design → Chairs → IkeaLikeChair). The FreeCAD library can easily be added to your FreeCAD installation (refer to the installing chapter of this manual), or you can simply download the model from the library webpage, or via the direct link provided at the bottom of this chapter.

• Load the IkeaLikeChair file from the library. You can choose between the .FCStd version, which will load the full modeling history or the .step version, which will create only one object, without the history. Since we won't need to model any further now, it is best to choose the .step version, as it will be easier to manipulate.

• Switch to the TechDraw Workbench
• Press the TechDraw PageTemplate button.
• Select the A4_Portrait_ISO7200TD template. A new tab will open in your FreeCAD window, showing the new page.
• In the tree view (or in the model tab), select the chair model. It will most likely be named something like "Open CASCADE STEP translator."
• Press the TechDraw View button.
• A View object will be created on our page. Select the view object in the tree view, and then give the view the following properties in the data tab of the combo view:
  • Under the Base category:
    • X: 70 mm
    • Y: 120 mm
    • Rotation: 0
    • Scale: 0.1
  • Under the Projection category (hit the drop-down arrow to modify the x, y, and z components of these properties individually):
    • Direction: [0 0 1]
    • XDirection: [0 -1 0] (Change the y field first, then the x field)
• We now have a nice top view of our chair. Hit the TechDraw ToggleFrame button to turn the View frames, labels, and vertices off.

• Let's repeat the operation twice, to create two more views. We will set their X and Y values, which indicate the position of the view on the page, in order to show them apart from the top view, and their direction, to create different view orientations. Give each new view the following properties:
  • View001 (front view): X: 70, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (-1,0,0), XDirection: (0,-1,0)
  • View002 (side view): X: 150, Y: 220, Scale: 0.1, Rotation: 0, Direction: (0,-1,0), XDirection: (1,0,0)
• After that, we obtain the following page:

• Note that there may be easier ways to get the views that you want. You can simply rotate the 3D view of your model, and once you have the view you want, select the model in the tree view and hit New View. This will automatically insert a view with the desired rotation and direction properties. You can also use the TechDraw ProjectionGroup tool.

• We can tweak the aspect of our views if we want, for example, we can change their Line Width property (under the View tab in the Combo View) to 0.5.

We will now place dimensions and indications on our drawing. There are two ways to add dimensions to a model: one is placing the dimensions inside the 3D model, using the Dimension tool of the Draft Workbench, and then placing a view of these dimensions on our sheet with the TechDraw DraftView tool. The other is to do things directly on the TechDraw sheet. We'll use the latter method.

• Hit the Toggle button to turn the vertices on.
• Use Ctrl + Left Mouse Click to select the two vertices you want to measure the distance between.
• Hit the TechDraw LengthDimension button.

• Repeat the operation, until all the dimensions you wish to indicate are placed. Use the TechDraw VerticalDimension and TechDraw HorizontalDimension tools as necessary.
• Take a minute to look at the properties of the Dimension object in the Combo View.
• Please note that if you are dimensioning an axonometric view (e.g., isometric view) instead of a multiview view (e.g., front view) as we have done here, you will need to use the TechDraw LinkDimension tool to get an accurate dimension.

• We will now place the two callouts shown in the image above, using the TechDraw Balloon tool.

1. Looking at the Page in the 3D view window, select the View to which the Balloon will be attached, as shown in the image above.
2. Press the Balloon button.
3. The cursor is now displayed as a balloon icon. Click on the page to place the balloon origin at the desired position.
4. The balloon bubble may be dragged to the desired position.
5. Change the balloon properties by double-clicking the balloon label or the balloon object in the tree view. This will open the Balloon Task dialog. Set the Value field to the desired text and change the Symbol drop-down menu selection to None
6. Press OK
7. Repeat the operation for the second callout.

• We will now fill in the sheet title block.
  • Make sure that the View frames, labels, and vertices are visible. If not, hit the Toggle button.
  • Edit the text in each section of the sheet title block by clicking on the small green square on the left side of the text.

Our page can now be exported to SVG for further work in graphical applications like Inkscape or to DXF. Select the page in the tree view and then select menu File → Export. The DXF format is importable in almost all existing 2D CAD applications. TechDraw pages can also be directly printed or exported to PDF.

Stažení

• Soubor vytvořený během tohoto cvičení: drawing.FCStd
• SVG soubor vytvořený z tohoto souboru: drawing.svg

Další informace:

• Pracovní plocha TechDraw
• Vytvoření vlastních šablon
• Další výukový program TechDraw
• Knihovna FreeCADu
• Inkscape

Sledujte výukové programy

• Sliptonic's TechDraw playlist
• Symbols and Views

Příprava modelů pro 3D tisk

BIM modelování

Manual start